On this page:
- Seeing the mummies "in person" does not provide information that is anywhere near as useful as scans, DNA testing, and C-14 dating, which can all be analyzed remotely
- Josefina's "skin" is a mix of clay, resin, and skin bits, with only patches of reptile-like skin in a few places
- The "llama paper" (2021) showed Josefina's head is a deteriorated llama brain case. Two of the three authors stand by their conclusions.
- Josefina's limbs are made of bones identical to human baby bones, but many are in the wrong places and the skeletons are asymmetrical
- The J-type joints are not congruent, making these "creatures" immobile in life
- The "eggs" are too opaque to X-rays to be natural eggs
- Victoria's DNA sample came back mostly bean. Josefina's skull hasn't been DNA tested.
- The implants are made of common metals. Osmium in some has been claimed but not demonstrated.
"You have to see them in person!"
The J-type mummies (named after Josefina) are mini humanoids about 60cm long, described the The Alien Project as "humanoid reptiles". If they were alive, and despite the emphasis on their tridactyl hands and feet, they were a species unrelated to the M-type.
It's been my experience that whenever problems with these mummies' scans and DNA are pointed out, the response is “You have to see them in person!” But how would that help? They are stiff puppets coated in a substance that disguises their skin and other details. The first line of research for any scientist who "sees them in person" would be to order scans and DNA testing, etc. Only these tests will provide useful data to analyze whether they are "real", i.e. were living beings. Seeing them in person becomes irrelevant.
C-14 dating has only been performed on Victoria, who is 800-1000 years old. This begs the question why she was found in the same "tomb" as M-type Maria, who died 700+ years earlier.
The evidence shows the J-type mummies are pieced-together constructions using human baby limb bones, llama skulls, and probably bird ribs. Their bodies are asymmetrical, their joints non-functional, their bones haphazardly placed, and their chests and lower torsos non-expandable (due to circular ribs) so they can't breathe, eat, or give birth (whether to eggs or live young). They have no comprehensible internal organs in their torsos.
They were never alive – they are not real. They are hoaxes.
It's been my experience that whenever problems with these mummies' scans and DNA are pointed out, the response is “You have to see them in person!” But how would that help? They are stiff puppets coated in a substance that disguises their skin and other details. The first line of research for any scientist who "sees them in person" would be to order scans and DNA testing, etc. Only these tests will provide useful data to analyze whether they are "real", i.e. were living beings. Seeing them in person becomes irrelevant.
C-14 dating has only been performed on Victoria, who is 800-1000 years old. This begs the question why she was found in the same "tomb" as M-type Maria, who died 700+ years earlier.
The evidence shows the J-type mummies are pieced-together constructions using human baby limb bones, llama skulls, and probably bird ribs. Their bodies are asymmetrical, their joints non-functional, their bones haphazardly placed, and their chests and lower torsos non-expandable (due to circular ribs) so they can't breathe, eat, or give birth (whether to eggs or live young). They have no comprehensible internal organs in their torsos.
They were never alive – they are not real. They are hoaxes.
Were they created recently or not?
I have seen no convincing evidence that they're ancient constructions. Points in favor of them being recent constructions using old bones raided from graves:
The main objection to the modern construction theory (from old bones) is that the bones are too brittle to have been manipulated in order to piece together the mummies. The main evidence for this is that the bones sometimes break off. However, we would expect them to break off at the joints if the joints are artificial. And the bones may have been chemically treated to make them less brittle while working with them, and then they became brittle again when they dried out.
Testing the bones for chemicals should of course have been done - but has not been done. Why not?
- lack of provenance (i.e. secret location)
- the increasingly skilled "discoveries" over time
- the investigation by Steve Mera and Barry Fitzgerald of production lines in Palpa manufacturing similar bodies
- lack of C-14 dating on all parts of the bodies and on multiple bodies, which may disguise the fact that parts of the bodies are recent
The main objection to the modern construction theory (from old bones) is that the bones are too brittle to have been manipulated in order to piece together the mummies. The main evidence for this is that the bones sometimes break off. However, we would expect them to break off at the joints if the joints are artificial. And the bones may have been chemically treated to make them less brittle while working with them, and then they became brittle again when they dried out.
Testing the bones for chemicals should of course have been done - but has not been done. Why not?
Defying gravity
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Photos and footage of the J-type mummies show they are unnaturally posed for deceased entities. Real deceased creatures (and mummies) are compressed flat on the side they were resting upon after death. In the case of a humanoid creature lying on its back, its shoulders, elbows, hands, hips, and heels would rest on the same plane as its spine. The J-types do not lie flat, as you can see in this image of "Paul" from The Alien Project. Paul's shoulders and upper back are raised, and his legs are levitating.
While it's possible an unknown species at death assumes a gravity-defying pose, the mundane explanation that these things were pieced together without regard to a natural pose cannot be ruled out. |
One of the J-types from Paul & Family. Unlike this specimen, the spine and limbs of a prone deceased creature will rest on the ground rather than hover.
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Holding it all together
The main emphasis Maussan's team has placed on these mummies is that the skin shows no sign of cuts or tears. This is a deflection. If the J-types were assembled from the inside-out, then coated in a flesh substitute and dipped in resin, there would be no cuts. Nor would cuts be visible anyway, since they are covered in diatomaceous earth. (To my knowledge, the internal "flesh" that shows in CT scans, and the substances forming the joints of these specimens, have not been analyzed. Victoria's readable DNA was 25% bean, which may offer a clue to what she is made of.)
Dr Steven Brown (Dept Philosophy, Ohio State U) and his team found Josefina's skin to consist of bits of actual skin mixed with clay and resin, with a couple of patches of (possibly) reptile skin. (The ever-versatile biologist and hoax-promoter Jose de la Cruz analyzed Victoria's "reptile" skin in a slideshow.) Brown presented this photo of Josefina with her diatomaceous earth coating removed:
Dr Steven Brown (Dept Philosophy, Ohio State U) and his team found Josefina's skin to consist of bits of actual skin mixed with clay and resin, with a couple of patches of (possibly) reptile skin. (The ever-versatile biologist and hoax-promoter Jose de la Cruz analyzed Victoria's "reptile" skin in a slideshow.) Brown presented this photo of Josefina with her diatomaceous earth coating removed:
Josefina with diatomaceous earth coating removed
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Patches of actual skin on Josefina's body. The skin does NOT appear to be a continuous covering over her entire body.
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Maussan's conveyor belt of experts have also been asked about internal structures - glue, wires, screws - holding the skeletons together. Rather than seeking the opinion of a specialist who could explain to him how fake mummies are made, he appears to be seeking soundbytes of people confirming "no screws!" As for glue, has the substance inside the joints been dissected or tested in any way?
The only apparently non-natural things that show up on CT scans are "implants" of flat metal plates across the chest. While it's possible these are hi-tech alien communication devices, the mundane explanation that they are holding the rib cage and spine together can't be ruled out. (The implants are discussed further below.)
The only apparently non-natural things that show up on CT scans are "implants" of flat metal plates across the chest. While it's possible these are hi-tech alien communication devices, the mundane explanation that they are holding the rib cage and spine together can't be ruled out. (The implants are discussed further below.)
Head
The llama paper
This 2021 paper by de la Cruz et al compares CT scans of Josefina's skull with that of a llama, and concludes her skull is a deteriorated llama brain case turned backwards. The paper goes into great detail showing how the features of a llama skull match Josefina's skull, and how the minor differences are due to deterioration. The authors found no evidence of breathing or feeding tracts. They found that her upper vertebrae are solid with no passage for a spinal cord, and that three unidentified cords connect her head to her body.
From the abstract: "It was shown that the head of the small body is largely made of a deteriorated llama braincase and other unidentified bones..."
The conclusion is unequivocal: "The 'archaeological' find with an unknown form of 'animal' was identified to have a head composed of a llama deteriorated braincase... There are also features on Josephina’s skull like the orbital fissure and the optic canal, similar to the llama’s, that are however on the opposite site of the skull than where they should be, forcing one to accept that the skull of Josephina is a modified llama braincase."
In 2023 de la Cruz admitted to scientific fraud, writing on Facebook [translated]: "the main objective of this publication was to bring the topic of the Nazca mummies to scientific attention". He continues to promote the mummies as real (as he was previously doing, when he presented them at a Peru Congress hearing in 2018).
While it's possible de la Cruz wrote a paper proving the skull was a llama in order to highlight that it isn't a llama(?!!), the mundane explanation - that the paper is accurate and he simply wanted back on the gravy train after the mummies were relaunched - cannot be ruled out.
In July 2024 I wrote to his co-authors, Dr George Florides and Dr Paul Christodoulides (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology), to ask if their opinions on Josefina's skull had also changed. Dr Florides' response: "We were very disappointed to find out that many of the features present in Josephina's skull could also be replicated in a llama skull and we still have not seen any study presenting any new information... my personal opinion is that Josephina’s head is a lama braincase." Additionally, he told me The Alien Project did not provide requested data. "Unfortunately, we could not access any other CT-scan of a different body (done by the University of Ica or the 'Alien project') although we tried... Unfortunately, I had not received any responses to my emails sent to the University of Ica and the Allien project." [sic] (Jul 19 & 21, 2024)
Dr Christodoulides was cc'ed in Dr Florides' response, and separately confirmed that he agreed with his colleague: "My views are reflected by George’s reply to you". (Jul 22, 2024)
The Alien Project not supplying data when asked, and not presenting data that refutes their claims, is a pattern that can't be denied. (See my correspondence with Dr Mary Jesse.)
Convergent evolution?
Maussan's team has pushed the idea that "convergent evolution" explains the similarity of Josefina's skull to a llama. This is a blatant misuse of the term, pure and simple, and "biologist" Jose de la Cruz should know better. Convergent evolution (homoplasy) refers to analogous structures (or traits) independently evolving in unrelated species, due to these species facing similar environmental factors. An example is the wings of birds and bats, which evolved independently due to environmental pressures resulting in flight being a useful trait for both.
Josefina skull is identical to a llama braincase - but only if the llama skull is turned backwards! Convergent evolution is a nonsensical way to explain how the flat zones on the back of a llama skull have an analogous function to Josefina's eye sockets.
Is it a llama though?
Llamas were valuable in ancient Peru and were sometimes sacrificed, buried, or mummified. (In 2011 a mass grave was discovered in Peru containing the bodies of hundreds of children and llamas who had been ritually sacrificed in 1450.) Ancient llama skulls are not hard for grave robbers to unearth, and Maussan's team has many disembodied skulls in addition to the complete J-type specimens with bodies. (Note: They have not been C-14 dated, so there is no evidence they are all ancient skulls. Some may be recent.)
There are several camelid species in Peru (alpacas, llamas, guanacos, vicuñas), but Josefina's skull dimensions most closely match a llama - bearing in mind that llama skulls come in all sizes, depending on the llama's sex and of course its age.
The measurements from De Cruz et al (2021) show Josefina's skull and their llama skull specimen are the same size to within 5mm:
This 2021 paper by de la Cruz et al compares CT scans of Josefina's skull with that of a llama, and concludes her skull is a deteriorated llama brain case turned backwards. The paper goes into great detail showing how the features of a llama skull match Josefina's skull, and how the minor differences are due to deterioration. The authors found no evidence of breathing or feeding tracts. They found that her upper vertebrae are solid with no passage for a spinal cord, and that three unidentified cords connect her head to her body.
From the abstract: "It was shown that the head of the small body is largely made of a deteriorated llama braincase and other unidentified bones..."
The conclusion is unequivocal: "The 'archaeological' find with an unknown form of 'animal' was identified to have a head composed of a llama deteriorated braincase... There are also features on Josephina’s skull like the orbital fissure and the optic canal, similar to the llama’s, that are however on the opposite site of the skull than where they should be, forcing one to accept that the skull of Josephina is a modified llama braincase."
In 2023 de la Cruz admitted to scientific fraud, writing on Facebook [translated]: "the main objective of this publication was to bring the topic of the Nazca mummies to scientific attention". He continues to promote the mummies as real (as he was previously doing, when he presented them at a Peru Congress hearing in 2018).
While it's possible de la Cruz wrote a paper proving the skull was a llama in order to highlight that it isn't a llama(?!!), the mundane explanation - that the paper is accurate and he simply wanted back on the gravy train after the mummies were relaunched - cannot be ruled out.
In July 2024 I wrote to his co-authors, Dr George Florides and Dr Paul Christodoulides (Faculty of Engineering and Technology, Cyprus University of Technology), to ask if their opinions on Josefina's skull had also changed. Dr Florides' response: "We were very disappointed to find out that many of the features present in Josephina's skull could also be replicated in a llama skull and we still have not seen any study presenting any new information... my personal opinion is that Josephina’s head is a lama braincase." Additionally, he told me The Alien Project did not provide requested data. "Unfortunately, we could not access any other CT-scan of a different body (done by the University of Ica or the 'Alien project') although we tried... Unfortunately, I had not received any responses to my emails sent to the University of Ica and the Allien project." [sic] (Jul 19 & 21, 2024)
Dr Christodoulides was cc'ed in Dr Florides' response, and separately confirmed that he agreed with his colleague: "My views are reflected by George’s reply to you". (Jul 22, 2024)
The Alien Project not supplying data when asked, and not presenting data that refutes their claims, is a pattern that can't be denied. (See my correspondence with Dr Mary Jesse.)
Convergent evolution?
Maussan's team has pushed the idea that "convergent evolution" explains the similarity of Josefina's skull to a llama. This is a blatant misuse of the term, pure and simple, and "biologist" Jose de la Cruz should know better. Convergent evolution (homoplasy) refers to analogous structures (or traits) independently evolving in unrelated species, due to these species facing similar environmental factors. An example is the wings of birds and bats, which evolved independently due to environmental pressures resulting in flight being a useful trait for both.
Josefina skull is identical to a llama braincase - but only if the llama skull is turned backwards! Convergent evolution is a nonsensical way to explain how the flat zones on the back of a llama skull have an analogous function to Josefina's eye sockets.
Is it a llama though?
Llamas were valuable in ancient Peru and were sometimes sacrificed, buried, or mummified. (In 2011 a mass grave was discovered in Peru containing the bodies of hundreds of children and llamas who had been ritually sacrificed in 1450.) Ancient llama skulls are not hard for grave robbers to unearth, and Maussan's team has many disembodied skulls in addition to the complete J-type specimens with bodies. (Note: They have not been C-14 dated, so there is no evidence they are all ancient skulls. Some may be recent.)
There are several camelid species in Peru (alpacas, llamas, guanacos, vicuñas), but Josefina's skull dimensions most closely match a llama - bearing in mind that llama skulls come in all sizes, depending on the llama's sex and of course its age.
The measurements from De Cruz et al (2021) show Josefina's skull and their llama skull specimen are the same size to within 5mm:
- Josefina: 114mm x 69mm x 69.5mm
- llama: 116mm x 74.5mm x 74.5mm
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Comparing features of the two skulls, de la Cruz et al found multiple detailed points of similarity, both internally and externally.
An obvious difference is the lack of a sagittal crest on Josefina's skull. In the llama (and many animals) this crest is where jaw muscles attach. It's possible Josefina has no sagittal crest because she has no jaws, but the mundane explanation that the crest was shaved off, to avoid awkward questions about its (non)function, cannot be ruled out. |
Original caption: (c) Lateral view of the llama braincase compared to
that of Josephina’s skull. Six external features that
look similar are marked; (d) Further removal of
material from the llama braincase indicates more
similarities.
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In just these four photos from this site (Dokkyo Medical University), which collects and measures animal skulls, you can see how varied in appearance a J-type "alien face" can be.
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Examples of llama skulls (dorsal view) from Dokkyo Medical University collection.
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This comparison of Paul's face with the dorsal view of a llama skull shows how the "face" is created. Even subtle features such as the ridges (arrowed) and the squarish mouth match between the two skulls. Maussan's team likes to emphasize these mummies' skins show no cuts, to remind us the skulls haven't been manipulated, but they don't actually have real skin and any additions to the skull (such as the mouth parts and eye slits) have not been tested to see if they are integral to the skeleton.
Llama skull features identified on Paul's skull
Eyes
Well, as you can see from the photo above, the J-types don't have eye sockets as such, but slightly concave regions (like the rear of the llama skull) that cannot accommodate eyeballs.
Limbs
It should go without saying that a "reptile" cannot evolve to have individual long bones and digits identical to those of a human. Yet the limbs of the J-type mummies are morphologically identical to human baby bones (although arranged differently in places).
Researcher Luca, who has written extensively on the mummies since 2017, explains on Metabunk that Konstantin Korotkov contacted the Russian anthropology magazine Antropogenez in Sep 2017, sending them radiographs and CT scans and asking them to vouch for the mummies' authenticity. Their experts sent their (unfavorable) analyses of Josefina and Alberto (such as upside-down fingerbones, femurs used for humeri, etc.) to Korotkov, who ignored them other than to write just one line in his subsequent book that the x-rays were "not sufficient for any sound conclusions".
Antropogenez summarized their findings on their website, where you can also download hi-res scans of Josefina and Alberto (which you will not find on The Alien Project website).
Researcher Luca, who has written extensively on the mummies since 2017, explains on Metabunk that Konstantin Korotkov contacted the Russian anthropology magazine Antropogenez in Sep 2017, sending them radiographs and CT scans and asking them to vouch for the mummies' authenticity. Their experts sent their (unfavorable) analyses of Josefina and Alberto (such as upside-down fingerbones, femurs used for humeri, etc.) to Korotkov, who ignored them other than to write just one line in his subsequent book that the x-rays were "not sufficient for any sound conclusions".
Antropogenez summarized their findings on their website, where you can also download hi-res scans of Josefina and Alberto (which you will not find on The Alien Project website).
X-ray of Josefina's hands. Colored fingerbones are upside-down on one side of the body compared to the other. From Scientists Against Myths video analysis.
The above illustration is taken from the excellent Scientists Against Myths video presentations on the mummies (see reference section on Home page).
There are multiple other problems with the J-type mummies' limbs:
The wrists of the J-type mummies are a single plate of bone. This is biologically impossible given the fingerbones attached to it are identical to those of a human, which means the proximal articulation surfaces of the metacarpals need to articulate with bones similar to the human wrist. Every "humanoid" creature on Earth has multiple small bones in the wrist, with articulations for each metacarpal.
The J-type forearm contains a single bone instead of two (radius and ulna) like we have. This creature could not rotate its arms. Vertebrates on Earth evolved two forearm bones hundreds of millions of years ago. Having only one forearm bone reduces functionality - so why would J-type creatures evolve (or be genetically engineered) this way? While it's possible a humanoid reptile has no need to rotate its forearm, the mundane explanation that it was too complex to incorporate two forearm bones into the pieced-together skeleton cannot be ruled out.
None of the joints are congruent. The most obvious nonfunctional joint is the hip - these allegedly once-living creatures have no femoral head and no socket in the pelvis, therefore no functional hip joint and could not walk. Despite this, and despite having only a single midfoot bone, Jose de la Cruz states they were "plantigrade bipedal" (i.e. walked on the soles of their two feet).
During the livestreamed CT scan of Clara, the experts analyzing her scans, Drs Linage (orthopedic surgeon) and Ballesteros (radiologist), repeatedly stated she had no mobility in her joints (among other serious problems). But Dr Benítez (from Maussan's team) kept diverting attention to the fact the skeletons were "intact" with "no signs of having been assembled" - he put words into their mouths, as they never stated that. Luca stitched together these comments from the experts pointing out the problems. Dr Linage responded to my queries on Twitter with: "I never said its real."
(Note that despite the hubbub surrounding this livestream, which has 215K views (July 2024), Clara does not even get her own page on The Alien Project website. She gets only passing mention and it's in relation to her implant.)
Most hilariously of all, the left and right sides of the J-type skeletons are not symmetrical. De la Cruz attempts to disguise this with a grade-school anatomy illustration (also reproduced on The Alien Project) that we're supposed to accept as informative. Instead of reproducing the actual skeleton (i.e. x-ray) which shows the laughable asymmetry of the limbs and rib cage, he redraws it as completely symmetrical.
There are multiple other problems with the J-type mummies' limbs:
The wrists of the J-type mummies are a single plate of bone. This is biologically impossible given the fingerbones attached to it are identical to those of a human, which means the proximal articulation surfaces of the metacarpals need to articulate with bones similar to the human wrist. Every "humanoid" creature on Earth has multiple small bones in the wrist, with articulations for each metacarpal.
The J-type forearm contains a single bone instead of two (radius and ulna) like we have. This creature could not rotate its arms. Vertebrates on Earth evolved two forearm bones hundreds of millions of years ago. Having only one forearm bone reduces functionality - so why would J-type creatures evolve (or be genetically engineered) this way? While it's possible a humanoid reptile has no need to rotate its forearm, the mundane explanation that it was too complex to incorporate two forearm bones into the pieced-together skeleton cannot be ruled out.
None of the joints are congruent. The most obvious nonfunctional joint is the hip - these allegedly once-living creatures have no femoral head and no socket in the pelvis, therefore no functional hip joint and could not walk. Despite this, and despite having only a single midfoot bone, Jose de la Cruz states they were "plantigrade bipedal" (i.e. walked on the soles of their two feet).
During the livestreamed CT scan of Clara, the experts analyzing her scans, Drs Linage (orthopedic surgeon) and Ballesteros (radiologist), repeatedly stated she had no mobility in her joints (among other serious problems). But Dr Benítez (from Maussan's team) kept diverting attention to the fact the skeletons were "intact" with "no signs of having been assembled" - he put words into their mouths, as they never stated that. Luca stitched together these comments from the experts pointing out the problems. Dr Linage responded to my queries on Twitter with: "I never said its real."
(Note that despite the hubbub surrounding this livestream, which has 215K views (July 2024), Clara does not even get her own page on The Alien Project website. She gets only passing mention and it's in relation to her implant.)
Most hilariously of all, the left and right sides of the J-type skeletons are not symmetrical. De la Cruz attempts to disguise this with a grade-school anatomy illustration (also reproduced on The Alien Project) that we're supposed to accept as informative. Instead of reproducing the actual skeleton (i.e. x-ray) which shows the laughable asymmetry of the limbs and rib cage, he redraws it as completely symmetrical.
De la Cruz's illustrations (left, center) vs. Josefina's actual x-ray (right).
While it's possible an alien or new Terran species could evolve with these anomalies... wait, no, it's not possible. The mundane explanation that these limbs were pieced together using random baby bones is not only not ruled out, it is the only valid conclusion.
Like a velociraptor?!
Jose de la Cruz, describing the "new species" in this paper, claims Josefina's hands "have some anatomical analogy with the hands of extinct dinosaurs", specifically the velociraptor. While this helps to style the J-types as "reptiles" for those who don't care about anatomy, the comparison is utter nonsense. Velociraptors had two forearm bones and multiple carpal bones (unlike J-type which has one of each), so there is no close relationship between the species and certainly no analogy in terms of function (since Josefina can't even rotate her forearms or wrists). But even if you want to invent a "just so" story for why that doesn't matter, the individual bones of Josefina's hand are identical to a human baby's, and entirely dissimilar to those of a velociraptor - which has wildly unevenly sized phalanges and... claws!
Nobody with even a passing familiarity with anatomy or taxonomy would state the J-type hand is similar to a dinosaur hand.
Like a velociraptor?!
Jose de la Cruz, describing the "new species" in this paper, claims Josefina's hands "have some anatomical analogy with the hands of extinct dinosaurs", specifically the velociraptor. While this helps to style the J-types as "reptiles" for those who don't care about anatomy, the comparison is utter nonsense. Velociraptors had two forearm bones and multiple carpal bones (unlike J-type which has one of each), so there is no close relationship between the species and certainly no analogy in terms of function (since Josefina can't even rotate her forearms or wrists). But even if you want to invent a "just so" story for why that doesn't matter, the individual bones of Josefina's hand are identical to a human baby's, and entirely dissimilar to those of a velociraptor - which has wildly unevenly sized phalanges and... claws!
Nobody with even a passing familiarity with anatomy or taxonomy would state the J-type hand is similar to a dinosaur hand.
Even de la Cruz's own paper on the mummies has a Velociraptor illustration that looks nothing like Josefina's hand, but you are supposed to ignore what your own eyes are seeing, be impressed that he said something science-y about evolution, and accept this as further evidence J-types are reptiles.
Descriptive plates of the specimens of Nasca in Peru, by Jose de la Cruz Rios Lopez
Eggs
Some of the J-type mummies contain "eggs" and have been dubbed female. These eggs are dense under x-ray, unlike actual eggs, and are irregularly shaped like stones. There is no indication of a birth canal or cloaca. If there are any findings from the eggs being removed and dissected, they haven't been published.
One possibility is that real reptile eggs have been placed inside these mummies, perhaps coated with a dense material to stop them degrading. In that case, we would expect to see embryos inside them (a claim that has been made).
One possibility is that real reptile eggs have been placed inside these mummies, perhaps coated with a dense material to stop them degrading. In that case, we would expect to see embryos inside them (a claim that has been made).
"Eggs" in the J-type mummies Luisa and Josefina
DNA results
Victoria is the only J-type mummy to undergo DNA testing. A sample from her hip and her neck vertebra were sent for analysis. The results (from Abraxas lab): 54 to 70% was too degraded to match (this does not mean it was unknown or alien), and in her neck most of the remaining DNA was from beans. Yes, beans. She also has some human, cow, sheep, bacteria, and fungus. Given how these specimens have been handled, much of that is probably contamination.
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While it's possible the unknown 54-70% DNA would've been identified as alien if it wasn't degraded, the mundane explanation that it was nothing special and that the human DNA result comes from human baby bones can't be ruled out.
Dr Benítez reportedly said: “Based on the DNA tests, which were compared with more than one million species ... they are not related to what is known or described up to this moment by science or by human knowledge.” An outright lie, since the DNA test shows Victoria is related to beans.
The accusation that these mummies have animal skulls has been made since they first appeared on the scene. You would think Maussan's team would want to nip that accusation in the bud by DNA testing a skull, instead of taking two samples from the body. But no, the only J-type that has undergone DNA testing... has no head.
Dr Benítez reportedly said: “Based on the DNA tests, which were compared with more than one million species ... they are not related to what is known or described up to this moment by science or by human knowledge.” An outright lie, since the DNA test shows Victoria is related to beans.
The accusation that these mummies have animal skulls has been made since they first appeared on the scene. You would think Maussan's team would want to nip that accusation in the bud by DNA testing a skull, instead of taking two samples from the body. But no, the only J-type that has undergone DNA testing... has no head.
Implants
Much has been made of the implants containing osmium, a rare expensive metal that wasn't discovered until 1803, and what that might mean for ancient Peruvians and their wee alien friends.
But no metallurgic results showing osmium have been released. This 2024 paper, a "technical paper" by Joakim Jensen (U Copenhagen), who is studying MSc in Economics(!!) with no other publications to his name, reads like propaganda for the mummies. It states that in addition to (mostly) copper, tin, and silver, osmium was found in Luisa's implant but "The results have not been published and only revealed to a small circle of people so far for personal reasons of the specialists involved in the investigation."(!!)
Based only on this data-free declaration on the implant's metallurgical analysis from an economics student, the Alien Project website states the implant of Artemis is also presumed to be osmium just because Luisa's implant contains osmium (allegedly).
The implants of the other J-type mummies that have been tested show no osmium. According to The Alien Project website, Josefina's is 85% copper and Clara's is silver with high purity.
But no metallurgic results showing osmium have been released. This 2024 paper, a "technical paper" by Joakim Jensen (U Copenhagen), who is studying MSc in Economics(!!) with no other publications to his name, reads like propaganda for the mummies. It states that in addition to (mostly) copper, tin, and silver, osmium was found in Luisa's implant but "The results have not been published and only revealed to a small circle of people so far for personal reasons of the specialists involved in the investigation."(!!)
Based only on this data-free declaration on the implant's metallurgical analysis from an economics student, the Alien Project website states the implant of Artemis is also presumed to be osmium just because Luisa's implant contains osmium (allegedly).
The implants of the other J-type mummies that have been tested show no osmium. According to The Alien Project website, Josefina's is 85% copper and Clara's is silver with high purity.
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